{"id":625,"date":"2020-12-01T02:42:33","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T02:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ftd.cognihealth.in\/?page_id=625"},"modified":"2025-12-23T08:27:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T08:27:19","slug":"misdiagnosis-comorbidity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/causes\/misdiagnosis-comorbidity\/","title":{"rendered":"Misdiagnosis \/ Comorbidity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>Is the diagnosis wrong?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Patients with functional\/dissociative symptoms are often concerned that their diagnosis may be wrong. Especially since there is no &#8216;scan&#8217; or blood test that can make the diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are many neurological problems. The commonest ones are<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Stroke<br \/>\u2022 Epilepsy<br \/>\u2022 Migraine \/ Headache<br \/>\u2022 Functional \/ Dissociative Symptoms<br \/>\u2022 Multiple Sclerosis<br \/>\u2022 Brain Tumour<br \/>\u2022 Parkinsons Disease<br \/>\u2022 Myasthenia Gravis<br \/>\u2022 Motor Neuron Disease (also called Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)<br \/>\u2022 Peripheral Neuropathy<br \/>\u2022 Nerve Root or Spinal Cord entrapment<br \/>\u2022 B12 deficiency and Thyroid disorders<br \/>\u2022 Many hundreds of others\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand there are also only a limited number of neurological symptoms. The commonest ones are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Headache<br \/>\u2022 Weakness<br \/>\u2022 Sensory Symptoms<br \/>\u2022 Blackouts<br \/>\u2022 Memory \/ Cognitive symptoms<br \/>\u2022 Speech \/ Swallowing Symptoms<br \/>\u2022 Dizziness<br \/>\u2022 Visual Symptoms \u2013 reduced vision, double vision<br \/>\u2022 Neck, Back and Limb pain<br \/>\u2022 Tremors, jerks, spasms and contractures<br \/>\u2022 Bladder symptoms<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In fact there are such a limited number of neurological symptoms you can see that its quite understandable for someone with more than one neurological symptom to start to wonder if they have one of the common (or uncommon) neurological diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This website does not attempt to explain how a neurologist diagnoses all of these diseases. But this list emphasises that neurologists are very familiar with the conditions that you, your family or friends may have been concerned about as well as all the symptoms that you have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You may be surprised to see FND so high up the list because few people have heard of them. In fact around 15% of all patients seen in UK neurology clinics as new patient have symptoms that are diagnosed as functional or dissociative. Around 5% of all new outpatients have symptoms of <a href=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/functional-limb-weakness\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/functional-limb-weakness\/\">weakness<\/a>, <a href=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/dissociative-non-epileptic-attacks-blackouts\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/dissociative-non-epileptic-attacks-blackouts\/\">blackouts<\/a> or <a href=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/functional-sensory-symptoms\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/functional-sensory-symptoms\/\">numbness<\/a>&nbsp;that are related to FND<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If your neurologist has decided that you have FND it should be for a good reason. There should be positive signs that the problems is functional, it should not just be because the scan is normal or the tests are normal. See positive signs of <a href=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/functional-limb-weakness\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/functional-limb-weakness\">functional weakness<\/a>, <a href=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/functional-sensory-symptoms\/\">functional sensory disturbance<\/a>&nbsp;and <a href=\"\/symptoms\/fnd-symptoms\/dissociative-non-epileptic-attacks-blackouts\/\">dissociative seizures<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the same way that neurologists diagnose Parkinson\u2019s disease, Migraine and Epilepsy at the bedside with a detailed history and examination (and without any tests), so too can FND be accurately diagnosed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Can you have FND and another neurological condition?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, this happens quite a lot. Heres a video&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Can you have FND and other neurological conditions?\" width=\"745\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/K-E0HMftMb8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Things can become tricky when a patient has an underlying neurological disease (like multiple sclerosis) and they also have clear evidence of functional symptoms (like FND related limb weakness). In some people, having a neurological disease can actually trigger the development of functional symptoms and something that a neurologist should always think about. This is often why investigations are performed even when clinically the diagnosis seems clear. Some people can have two diagnoses \u2013 one of a neurological disease and another of superimposed functional symptoms. For example, about 10-15% of people with dissociative seizures also have epilepsy (but 90% still do not).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can read an article I wrote with colleagues about pitfalls in misdiagnosis of functional symptoms and neurological disease below. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pn.bmj.com\/content\/practneurol\/13\/2\/104.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Practical-Neurology-Articlee.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1740\" width=\"213\" height=\"287\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Click the image for an <a href=\"https:\/\/fndhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Stone-FunctionalSymptomsMimicsandChameleons.pdf\" data-type=\"URL\">article <\/a>written for neurologists about the pitfalls of diagnosis of FND and related conditions<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Reassuringly however, studies that have looked at how often neurologists get the diagnosis wrong have tended to agree (at least in the last 30 years) that the proportion of patients in whom the diagnosis turns out to be incorrect later on is about 5%. The graph below is based on 27 studies and nearly 1500 patients followed up for an average of 5 years. It shows how the diagnosis has become more accurate over the years.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Misdiagnosis.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-626\" width=\"497\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Misdiagnosis.jpg 348w, https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Misdiagnosis-300x222.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/><figcaption>This study collected together all the previous studies looking at how often doctors got the diagnosis of functional neurological symptoms wrong. Rates of misdiagnosis have been around 5% since 1970. This is the error rate for all neurological conditions. (Stone et al BMJ. 2005; 331: 989; <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>A misdiagnosis rate of 5% may seem a lot but perhaps surprisingly its less than the numbers of patients misdiagnosed with epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and similar to the proportion wrongly told they have motor neurone disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The evidence suggests that misdiagnosis of a neurological disease when the problem is actually functional \/ dissociative symptoms is just as common as the other way round.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>In conclusion\u2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Any doctor, usually a neurologist, that makes the diagnosis of FND should be very familiar both with the possible neurological diagnoses that those symptoms could represent and also with the positive clinical features of functional symptoms. Even then, they will sometimes get it wrong, but no more often than for other neurological diagnoses.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Misdiagnosis is always bad when it happens but its no more common in FND than other conditions<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":0,"parent":1010,"menu_order":157,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-template\/symptom-details-page-template.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/625"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/65"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=625"}],"version-history":[{"count":147,"href":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15838,"href":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/625\/revisions\/15838"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1010"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neurosymptoms.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}